Mussolini, Hitler, Franco, Horthy, and Antonescu all led fascist states in 20th century Europe. The first two listed led their nations against us in World War II. How did fascism arise? What were its central ideas and intentions? Was war essential to the fascist program? How and why did the populations of Germany, Italy, Hungary, Spain and Romania support their fascist regimes? Why and how does fascism persist in contemporary political life? These are some of the questions addressed in 2006 by our two expert historians of the fascist states.